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Herbs of the Donguibogam

Each entry pairs the original Donguibogam text with a modern explanation, properties, traditional applications, and cautions. Sources are cited on every page.

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A

Achyranthes Root牛膝

Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai

Usul, "ox knee," is named for its stem, which has joints like the knee of a crane or an ox — the Donguibo…

Blood-invigorating herbNeutral

Acorn橡實

Quercus acutissima Carruth.

Acorn is best known in Korea today as dotori-muk, the jelly made from its starch, but the Donguibogam rec…

Astringent herbWarm

Adenophora Root沙參

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Regel) H.Hara

Deodeok is a mountain vegetable and a lung-nourishing herb in one — the balloon flower’s close cousin, fa…

Yin-tonifying herbSlightly cold

Adzuki Bean赤小豆

Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi

Adzuki bean is the beloved base of patjuk (red bean porridge) and many Korean sweets today, and the Dongu…

Water-draining, damp-dispelling herbNeutral (some sources: slightly cold or warm)

Agarwood沈香

Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.

Agarwood is prized precisely because it does not form naturally — the Donguibogam explains that southern …

Qi-regulating, kidney-warming herbHot

Aged Tangerine Peel橘皮

Citrus reticulata Blanco

Tangerine peel is a kitchen-cabinet remedy for stuck qi and phlegm, and the Donguibogam records that Kore…

Qi-regulating herbWarm

Alisma Rhizome澤瀉

Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz.

Alisma rhizome is the classic water-draining herb of Korean tradition, valued for clearing heat trapped i…

Diuretic herbCold

Anemarrhena Rhizome知母

Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge

Anemarrhena root, called jimo, is a cooling herb that drains stomach fire while replenishing kidney water…

Heat-clearing, yin-nourishing herbCold (some sources: neutral)

Angelica Dahurica Root白芷

Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.

Angelica dahurica root is a classic remedy for wind-type headache with watery, teary eyes, and the Dongui…

Wind-cold releasing herbWarm

Apricot Kernel杏核仁

Prunus armeniaca L.

Apricot kernel is the classic cough herb of the fruit section — the bitter seed inside the apricot stone,…

Phlegm-resolving, cough-relieving herbWarm

Areca Nut檳榔

Areca catechu L.

Areca nut, the Donguibogam notes, was eaten in southern regions the way fruit is eaten elsewhere — locals…

Qi-moving, dampness-expelling herbWarm (some sources: cold)

Asian Pear梨子

Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai

Pear is the juicy autumn fruit Koreans associate with Chuseok and with soothing a dry throat. The Donguib…

Heat-clearing, moistening food herbCold (some sources: cool)

Asparagus Root天門冬

Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.

Asparagus root is a cooling yin-tonic long paired with its close relative Liriope (maekmundong) in tradit…

Yin-tonifying herbCold

Astragalus Root黃芪

Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge

Astragalus is the classic qi tonic for the body's surface. Where ginseng restores deep vitality, astragal…

Tonic herbSlightly warm

B

Balloon Flower Root桔梗

Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC.

Balloon flower root — doraji in Korean — is as familiar on the dinner table as in the medicine cabinet, e…

Expectorant herbSlightly warm

Barley大麥

Hordeum vulgare L.

Barley is still eaten across Korea today as bori-bap (barley rice) and bori-cha (roasted barley tea), and…

Qi-tonifying food herbWarm (some sources: slightly cold)

Bitter Orange (mature fruit)枳殼

Citrus aurantium L.

Bitter orange is harvested young as jishi (枳實) and mature as jigak (枳殼) — the Donguibogam explains the cl…

Qi-regulating herbCold (some sources: slightly cold)

Black Atractylodes Rhizome蒼朮

Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

Black atractylodes is white atractylodes's rugged sibling — the Donguibogam itself notes that early mater…

Dampness-drying herbWarm

Black Pepper胡椒

Piper nigrum L.

Black pepper needs no introduction as a kitchen spice, and the Donguibogam records exactly the role that …

Interior-warming herbGreatly warm

Black Sesame胡麻

Sesamum indicum L.

Black sesame's Chinese name, "barbarian hemp," and its other name, "great victor," both come straight fro…

Qi and marrow tonifying herbNeutral

Bovine Bezoar (Calculus Bovis)牛黃

Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin

Bovine bezoar is a gallstone that forms naturally in domestic cattle, gathered as a byproduct rather than…

Mind-calming substance (animal-derived)Neutral

Buckwheat蕎麥

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

Buckwheat is the base of naengmyeon noodles and memil-muk (buckwheat jelly) still enjoyed across Korea, a…

Digestion-regulating food herbNeutral-cold

Bupleurum Root柴胡

Bupleurum falcatum L.

Bupleurum root is the herb the Donguibogam sets apart for "alternating chills and fever" — the classical …

Exterior-releasing herbSlightly cold (some sources: neutral)

Burdock Fruit惡實

Arctium lappa L.

Burdock's root is a familiar side dish in Korea (ueong-jorim), but the entry in the Donguibogam under thi…

Wind-heat releasing herbNeutral (some sources: warm)

C

Chestnut栗子

Castanea crenata Siebold & Zucc.

The chestnut is a food the Donguibogam treats as quietly medicinal: recorded as boosting qi, thickening t…

Qi and kidney tonifying herbWarm

Chinese Chive韭菜

Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.

Chive is prized in the Donguibogam as the warmest, most nourishing everyday vegetable — cut it and it gro…

Interior-warming herbWarm (some sources: hot)

Chinese Quince木瓜

Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne

The fragrant quince — famous for perfuming a room and for its role in traditional tea — is recorded in th…

Wind-damp dispelling herbWarm

Cimicifuga Rhizome升麻

Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom.

The name shēngmá, "rising hemp," comes from what the Donguibogam records about the plant: its leaves look…

Exterior-releasing herbNeutral (some sources: slightly cold)

Cinnamon Bark桂皮

Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl

Cinnamon bark is the great warmer of the traditional pharmacy. Where ginger warms the surface and the sto…

Interior-warming herbVery hot

Clematis Root威靈仙

Clematis chinensis Osbeck

Clematis root earned its reputation as "the essential medicine for pain" through a curious folk method of…

Wind-damp dispelling herbNot specified in the source text

Clove丁香

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry

Clove is the same nail-shaped flower bud known worldwide as a spice, recorded in the Donguibogam as a war…

Interior-warming herbWarm

Cnidium Rhizome芎藭

Cnidium officinale Makino

Cnidium rhizome is celebrated in Korean tradition as the premier herb for blood-related headache, prized …

Blood-invigorating herbWarm

Coltsfoot Flower款冬花

Tussilago farfara L.

Coltsfoot has one of the most striking botanical habits in the Tangaek-pyeon: it flowers in the snow. The…

Phlegm-resolving, cough-relieving herbWarm

Coptis Rhizome黃連

Coptis chinensis Franch.

Coptis is the archetypal bitter-cold herb of Korean medicine, so bitter that the proverb "bitterer than c…

Heat-clearing, damp-drying herbCold

Cornus Fruit山茱萸

Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.

Cornus fruit is a foundational kidney-nourishing herb in Korean tradition, valued for strengthening what …

Kidney tonic (astringent)Slightly warm

Costus Root (Mu Xiang)木香

Aucklandia lappa Decne.

Mokhyang is an imported (唐) aromatic root, and the Donguibogam identifies it directly as "green wood frag…

Qi-regulating herbWarm

Cucumber胡瓜

Cucumis sativus L.

Cucumber is an everyday vegetable today, but the Donguibogam's entry for it is unusually brief and cautio…

Cooling food (excess caution)Cold

Curcuma Tuber鬱金

Curcuma aromatica Salisb.

A close relative of turmeric, this tuber is noted in the Donguibogam not for a strong fragrance but for a…

Blood-moving, qi-regulating herbCold

D

E

F

Fennel Seed茴香

Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

Fennel is a familiar seasoning and an old digestive. The Donguibogam describes the plant with a cook's ey…

Interior-warming herbNeutral

Field Mint薄荷

Mentha canadensis L.

Field mint bridges the vegetable garden and the medicine cabinet in Korean tradition, eaten fresh as a ve…

Wind-releasing herbWarm (later texts: cool)

Figwort Root (Xuanshen)玄參

Scrophularia buergeriana Miq.

Hyeonsam, "dark ginseng," is described by the Donguibogam as a plant whose seedling leaves look like sesa…

Heat-clearing, blood-cooling herbSlightly cold

Fleeceflower Root何首烏

Reynoutria multiflora (Thunb.) Moldenke

Fleeceflower root's name comes with a full legend recorded right in the Donguibogam: a frail, wifeless ol…

Blood-tonifying herbNeutral-warm

Forsythia Fruit連翹

Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl

Yeongyo is the seedpod of forsythia — the shrub whose yellow flowers are among the first signs of spring …

Heat-clearing, toxin-resolving herbNeutral

Foxtail Millet粟米

Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.

Foxtail millet, the small yellow grain of "jopap" (millet rice), is described in the Donguibogam mainly b…

Qi-tonifying food herbSlightly cold

Fresh Ginger生薑

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Fresh ginger bridges the kitchen and the pharmacy in Korean tradition. It is used at the first signs of w…

Warming herbSlightly warm

Fresh Rehmannia Root生地黃

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.

Raw rehmannia is the cold, blood-cooling twin of prepared rehmannia (sukjihwang), which is warm and tonif…

Heat-clearing, blood-cooling herbCold

Fritillaria Bulb貝母

Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.

Bemo, "shell mother," is named for the shape of the bulb: it has segments, yellow-white in color, and loo…

Phlegm-resolving, cough-relieving herbNeutral (some sources: slightly cold)

G

Gardenia Fruit梔子

Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis

Gardenia fruit is familiar in Korean kitchens as a natural yellow food dye (chija-mul), but the Donguibog…

Heat-purging, fire-draining herbCold

Garlic大蒜

Allium sativum L.

Garlic sits at the very center of the Korean table and, in the Donguibogam, at the crossroads of food and…

Interior-warming herbWarm

Gastrodia Rhizome天麻

Gastrodia elata Blume

Gastrodia is a leafless orchid that lives off fungal partners rather than photosynthesis, and the Donguib…

Wind-extinguishing, tremor-calming herbNeutral (some sources: cold)

Ginseng人蔘

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Ginseng is the most celebrated tonic herb in Korean traditional medicine, often called the king of herbs.…

Tonic herbSlightly warm

Glutinous Rice糯米

Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa

Glutinous rice is the sticky rice used for rice cakes, sweet drinks and rice wine. The Donguibogam define…

Qi-tonifying food herbCold (some sources: slightly cold or cool)

Goji Berry枸杞子

Lycium chinense Mill.

Goji berry, the fruit of a deciduous shrub in the nightshade family, is the classic tonic for the liver a…

Yin tonicNeutral (classically recorded as cold)

Grape蒲萄

Vitis vinifera L.

Grape needs no introduction on the modern table, and the Donguibogam already records it as strengthening …

Qi-tonifying, diuretic food herbNeutral

Grassleaf Sweet Flag菖蒲

Acorus gramineus Soland.

Seokchangpo grows on mossy stones beside mountain streams, and the Donguibogam describes how to tell it f…

Orifice-opening herbWarm (some sources: neutral)

Gromwell Root紫草

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold & Zucc.

Gromwell's Korean name, jichi, is still recognized today mainly through its use as a purple dye and as th…

Heat-clearing, blood-cooling, toxin-resolving herbCold (some sources: neutral)

H

J

K

Korean Angelica Root當歸

Angelica gigas Nakai

Danggwi is the foremost blood tonic of Korean tradition, central to formulas such as Samul-tang. Its name…

Blood tonicWarm

Korean Black Raspberry覆盆子

Rubus coreanus Miq.

Bokbunja, the Korean black raspberry, is best known today as the base of a sweet fruit wine, but the Dong…

Astringent, kidney-securing herbNeutral (some sources: slightly hot)

Korean Cherry櫻桃

Prunus tomentosa Thunb.

Korean cherry ripens earliest among fruits each spring, and the Donguibogam notes this specifically — bec…

Spleen-tonifying food herbHot (some sources: warm)

Korean Melon甛瓜

Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino

Korean melon (chamoe) is a beloved summer fruit, and the Donguibogam records its thirst-quenching, heat-c…

Heat-clearing food herb (excess caution)Cold

Korean Mint藿香

Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze

Korean mint carries a fragrance the Donguibogam itself notes was once blended into incense, and that same…

Dampness-transforming herbSlightly warm

Korean Pine Nut海松子

Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.

Pine nuts are one of the most recognizably Korean foods in the Tangaek-pyeon: the entry gives the Korean …

Qi-tonifying food herbSlightly warm

Korean Yam薯蕷

Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.

Korean yam bridges food and medicine as directly as any herb in this tradition, gently tonifying the sple…

Tonic herbWarm

Kudzu Root葛根

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi

Kudzu root is the source of the familiar hangover tea (galgeun-cha) still sold across Korea today. The Do…

Exterior-releasing herbNeutral (some sources: slightly cold)

L

M

Magnolia Bark厚朴

Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson

Magnolia bark, marked in the Donguibogam as an imported (Tang) medicine, is a foundational herb for stagn…

Qi-regulating, dampness-drying herbWarm

Magnolia Flower Bud辛夷

Magnolia biondii Pamp.

Magnolia flower bud is gathered just before it opens, when the furry bud still resembles a small peach. T…

Orifice-opening herbWarm

Motherwort Seed茺蔚子

Leonurus japonicus Houtt.

Everyone recognizes ingmocho ("benefits the mother") as the go-to herb for women's health, but that famou…

Liver-clearing, eye-brightening herbSlightly warm (some sources: slightly cold)

Moutan Root Bark牡丹

Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews

Moutan is peony's tree-form relative — the source of the root bark used in medicine rather than the flowe…

Heat-clearing, blood-cooling herbSlightly cold

Mugwort Leaf艾葉

Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot

Mugwort leaf — ssuk, woven through Korean food, rice cakes, and the founding myth itself — is recorded in…

Blood-stopping herbWarm

Mulberry Root Bark桑根白皮

Morus alba L.

Mulberry is a tree whose every part appears in the Donguibogam — root bark, leaf, twig, fruit, even the w…

Phlegm-resolving, cough-relieving herbNot specified in the source text

Mung Bean菉豆

Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek

Mung bean is the source of sukju-namul (bean sprouts) and bindae-tteok batter familiar in Korean cooking,…

Heat-clearing, detoxifying food herbCold (some sources: neutral or cool)

Musk (historical record)麝香

Moschus moschiferus L.

Musk was recorded by the Donguibogam as one of the most powerful mind-opening substances in the classical…

Orifice-opening substance (animal-derived)Warm

N

P

Peach Kernel桃核仁

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Peach kernel is the classic blood-moving herb of the fruit section, recorded in the Donguibogam as breaki…

Blood-invigorating, stasis-resolving herbNeutral

Peony Root芍藥

Paeonia lactiflora Pall.

Peony root partners danggwi at the heart of Samul-tang, the foundational blood-nourishing formula. Tradit…

Blood tonicSlightly cold

Perilla Leaf紫蘇葉

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo

Perilla leaf is another herb that lives equally in the kitchen and the medicine cabinet, its purple-backe…

Wind-releasing herbWarm

Pine Resin松脂

Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.

Pine resin flows from Korea's most iconic tree, and the Donguibogam records it as a versatile remedy for …

Wind-damp dispelling, topical herbWarm

Pinellia Rhizome半夏

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino

Pinellia is one of the most important phlegm-resolving herbs in Korean tradition, but the Donguibogam is …

Phlegm-resolving herbWarm when processed (cold-natured raw)

Plantain Seed車前子

Plantago asiatica L.

Plantain earned its Chinese name — "before the cart" — from where it thrives: the Donguibogam notes it lo…

Water-disinhibiting, stranguria-relieving herbCold (some sources: neutral)

Polygala Root遠志

Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

Polygala root carries a name that means 'far-reaching ambition,' reflecting the Donguibogam's description…

Mind-calming herbWarm

Pomegranate石榴

Punica granatum L.

The pomegranate in the Donguibogam is a fruit with two faces. The text separates sweet pomegranates, whic…

Astringent food herbWarm

Poria茯苓

Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf

Poria is unusual among traditional herbs in that it is not a plant at all, but the dried sclerotium of a …

Diuretic herbNeutral

Prepared Rehmannia Root熟地黃

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC.

Prepared rehmannia is the richest blood-nourishing root in Korean tradition, made by steaming and drying …

Blood tonicWarm

Pubescent Angelica Root (Duhuo)獨活

Angelica pubescens Maxim.

The name "dokhwal," "alone-moving," comes from an observation recorded in the Donguibogam: the plant send…

Wind-damp dispelling herbNeutral (some sources: slightly warm)

Purslane馬齒莧

Portulaca oleracea L.

Purslane's old alternate name, "five-element grass," comes from a small piece of natural poetry the Dongu…

Heat-clearing, detoxifying herbCold

R

S

Safflower紅藍花

Carthamus tinctorius L.

Safflower is the flower behind traditional red dye and rouge, and the Donguibogam records a dose-dependen…

Blood-invigorating, stasis-resolving herbWarm

Salvia Root (Danshen)丹參

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

Danshen means "red ginseng root" in a literal sense — danshim in Korean — and the Donguibogam describes w…

Blood-invigorating herbSlightly cold (some sources: neutral)

Sanguisorba Root地楡

Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Sanguisorba root's old alternate name, "jade black bean paste," comes from its purple-black seed clusters…

Blood-stopping herbSlightly cold (some sources: neutral)

Saposhnikovia Root (Siler)防風

Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.

The name means "guard against wind," and the Donguibogam gives it a sweeping reputation: it treats "thirt…

Exterior-releasing, wind-dispelling herbWarm

Schisandra Berry五味子

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.

Schisandra, the fruit of a deciduous woody vine, grows wild in deep mountains with red climbing stems, le…

Astringent herbWarm

Schizonepeta荊芥

Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq.

Schizonepeta is a classic early-response herb for the first chill and headache of a cold, traditionally n…

Wind-releasing herbWarm

Scutellaria Root黃芩

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Scutellaria root is one of the most enduring heat-clearing herbs in East Asian medicine, its old alternat…

Heat-clearing, dampness-drying herbCold

Sea Vegetable (Miyeok / Wakame)海菜

Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar

In the Donguibogam the entry for 海菜 uses the old Korean name "meoyuk," which is today's miyeok. The text …

Hardness-softening food herbCold

Shepherd's Purse薺菜

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.

Shepherd's purse is the classic early-spring wild green in Korean cooking, and the Donguibogam notes its …

Qi-regulating herbWarm

Sichuan Pepper Fruit蜀椒

Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC.

Sichuan pepper's fruit is still familiar in Korean cooking as chopi, the tingling spice used in certain r…

Interior-warming, anti-parasitic herbHot

Sickle Senna Seed決明子

Senna tora (L.) Roxb.

Sickle senna seed's very name means "decides brightness" — a direct promise about eyesight the Donguiboga…

Liver-clearing, eye-brightening herbNeutral (some sources: slightly cold)

Solomon's Seal Rhizome黃精

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce

Solomon's seal is the source of dunggulle-cha, one of the most common teas in Korea, and the Donguibogam'…

Qi and Yin tonifying herbNeutral

Sophora Root苦參

Sophora flavescens Aiton

Sophora root's name says it all — "bitter root" — and the Donguibogam does not soften the point, warning …

Heat-clearing, dampness-drying herbCold

Soybean大豆

Glycine max (L.) Merr.

Soybean is the most common bean on the Korean table today, and the Donguibogam already records it as a fo…

Qi-tonifying food herbNeutral

Sparrow-Tongue Tea Leaf苦茶

Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze

Jakseolcha ("sparrow-tongue tea") takes its name from its tiny, tongue-shaped young leaves, picked early …

Digestive, food-stagnation-resolving herbSlightly cold (some sources: cold)

Sweet Chrysanthemum甘菊花

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.

Chrysanthemum flower tea is a familiar autumn drink in Korea, and the Donguibogam treats the flower as a …

Exterior-releasing, eye-brightening herbNeutral

T

U

V

W

Walnut胡桃

Juglans regia L.

The walnut, its kernel folded like the brain it was fancifully linked to, is recorded in the Donguibogam …

Kidney-yang tonifying herbWarm

Water Dropwort水芹

Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.

Water dropwort (minari) is a familiar spring vegetable in Korean cooking, especially in maeuntang and var…

Heat-clearing, spirit-nourishing food herbNeutral (some sources: cold)

Watermelon西瓜

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai

Watermelon is the quintessential Korean summer fruit, and the Donguibogam records a story about its origi…

Heat-clearing, summer-relieving food herbCold

Wax Gourd白冬瓜

Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.

Wax gourd is a mild, watery vegetable used in Korean soups, and the Donguibogam explains its name precise…

Water-draining, heat-clearing food herbSlightly cold

Wheat小麥

Triticum aestivum L.

Wheat is the grain behind noodles and bread, but the Donguibogam records something less obvious: the whol…

Qi-tonifying food herbSlightly cold (some sources: neutral)

White Atractylodes Rhizome白朮

Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

White atractylodes is one of the most widely used spleen-tonifying herbs in Korean tradition, central to …

Tonic herbWarm

Wild Jujube Seed酸棗仁

Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chow

Wild jujube seed comes from a different tree than the sweet jujube eaten as food — a smaller, thornier wi…

Mind-calming herbNeutral

Wood Ear Mushroom木耳

Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél.

Wood ear is the dark, ear-shaped fungus that grows on dead wood and is still sold dried. The entry is as …

Qi-tonifying food herbCold (some sources: neutral)

Y